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Just check the things you want to remove, and then click the Clean button. Clear Out Temporary Files. Your Mac’s hard drive probably has temporary files you don’t need. These files often take up disk space for no good reason. Mac OS X tries to automatically remove temporary files, but a dedicated application will likely find more files to. Since the beginning of time, well since 2001, the little green button at the top of every OS X window has expanded the current window to take up all available space. OS X Yosemite changes the.

To use a keyboard shortcut, press and hold one or more modifier keys and then press the last key of the shortcut. For example, to use Command-C (copy), press and hold the Command key, then the C key, then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards often use symbols for certain keys, including modifier keys:

On keyboards made for Windows PCs, use the Alt key instead of Option, and the Windows logo key instead of Command.

Some keys on some Apple keyboards have special symbols and functions, such as for display brightness , keyboard brightness , Mission Control, and more. If these functions aren't available on your keyboard, you might be able to reproduce some of them by creating your own keyboard shortcuts. To use these keys as F1, F2, F3, or other standard function keys, combine them with the Fn key.

Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts

Command-X: Cut the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard.
Command-C: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder.
Command-V: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder.
Command-Z: Undo the previous command. You can then press Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands.
Command-A: Select All items.
Command-F: Find items in a document or open a Find window.
Command-G: Find Again: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found. To find the previous occurrence, press Shift-Command-G.
Command-H: Hide the windows of the front app. To view the front app but hide all other apps, press Option-Command-H.
Command-M: Minimize the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, press Option-Command-M.
Command-O: Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open.
Command-P: Print the current document.
Command-S: Save the current document.
Command-T: Open a new tab.
Command-W: Close the front window. To close all windows of the app, press Option-Command-W.
Option-Command-Esc: Force quit an app.
Command–Space bar: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Command–Option–Space bar. (If you use multiple input sources to type in different languages, these shortcuts change input sources instead of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting keyboard shortcut.)
Control–Command–Space bar: Show the Character Viewer, from which you can choose emoji and other symbols.
Control-Command-F: Use the app in full screen, if supported by the app.
Space bar: Use Quick Look to preview the selected item.
Command-Tab: Switch to the next most recently used app among your open apps.
Shift-Command-5: In macOS Mojave or later, take a screenshot or make a screen recording. Or use Shift-Command-3 or Shift-Command-4 for screenshots. Learn more about screenshots.
Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder in the Finder.
Command-Comma (,): Open preferences for the front app.

Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts

You might need to press and hold some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using them unintentionally.

Power button: Press to turn on your Mac or wake it from sleep. Press and hold for 1.5 seconds to put your Mac to sleep.* Continue holding to force your Mac to turn off.
Option–Command–Power button* or Option–Command–Media Eject : Put your Mac to sleep.
Control–Shift–Power button* or Control–Shift–Media Eject : Put your displays to sleep.
Control–Power button* or Control–Media Eject : Display a dialog asking whether you want to restart, sleep, or shut down.
Control–Command–Power button:* Force your Mac to restart, without prompting to save any open and unsaved documents.
Control–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then restart your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
Control–Option–Command–Power button* or Control–Option–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
Control-Command-Q: Immediately lock your screen.
Shift-Command-Q: Log out of your macOS user account. You will be asked to confirm. To log out immediately without confirming, press Option-Shift-Command-Q.

* Does not apply to the Touch ID sensor.

Finder and system shortcuts

Command-D: Duplicate the selected files.
Command-E: Eject the selected disk or volume.
Command-F: Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window.
Command-I: Show the Get Info window for a selected file.
Command-R: (1) When an alias is selected in the Finder: show the original file for the selected alias. (2) In some apps, such as Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the page. (3) In Software Update preferences, check for software updates again.
Shift-Command-C: Open the Computer window.
Shift-Command-D: Open the desktop folder.
Shift-Command-F: Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you viewed or changed recently.
Shift-Command-G: Open a Go to Folder window.
Shift-Command-H: Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account.
Shift-Command-I: Open iCloud Drive.
Shift-Command-K: Open the Network window.
Option-Command-L: Open the Downloads folder.
Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder.
Shift-Command-O: Open the Documents folder.
Shift-Command-P: Show or hide the Preview pane in Finder windows.
Shift-Command-R: Open the AirDrop window.
Shift-Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar in Finder windows.
Control-Shift-Command-T: Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later)
Shift-Command-U: Open the Utilities folder.
Option-Command-D: Show or hide the Dock.
Control-Command-T: Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later).
Option-Command-P: Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.
Option-Command-S: Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows.
Command–Slash (/): Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows.
Command-J: Show View Options.
Command-K: Open the Connect to Server window.
Control-Command-A: Make an alias of the selected item.
Command-N: Open a new Finder window.
Option-Command-N: Create a new Smart Folder.
Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
Option-Command-T: Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
Option-Command-V: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.
Command-Y: Use Quick Look to preview the selected files.
Option-Command-Y: View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.
Command-1: View the items in the Finder window as icons.
Command-2: View the items in a Finder window as a list.
Command-3: View the items in a Finder window in columns.
Command-4: View the items in a Finder window in a gallery.
Command–Left Bracket ([): Go to the previous folder.
Command–Right Bracket (]): Go to the next folder.
Command–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder.
Command–Control–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window.
Command–Down Arrow: Open the selected item.
Right Arrow: Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Left Arrow: Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Command-Delete: Move the selected item to the Trash.
Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash.
Option-Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.
Command–Brightness Down: Turn video mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display.
Option–Brightness Up: Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.
Control–Brightness Up or Control–Brightness Down: Change the brightness of your external display, if supported by your display.
Option–Shift–Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Brightness Down: Adjust the display brightness in smaller steps. Add the Control key to this shortcut to make the adjustment on your external display, if supported by your display.
Option–Mission Control: Open Mission Control preferences.
Command–Mission Control: Show the desktop.
Control–Down Arrow: Show all windows of the front app.
Option–Volume Up: Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.
Option–Shift–Volume Up or Option–Shift–Volume Down: Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps.
Option–Keyboard Brightness Up: Open Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness key.
Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Down: Adjust the keyboard brightness in smaller steps.
Option key while double-clicking: Open the item in a separate window, then close the original window.
Command key while double-clicking: Open a folder in a separate tab or window.
Command key while dragging to another volume: Move the dragged item to the other volume, instead of copying it.
Option key while dragging: Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
Option-Command while dragging: Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
Option-click a disclosure triangle: Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Command-click a window title: See the folders that contain the current folder.
Learn how to use Command or Shift to select multiple items in the Finder.
Click the Go menu in the Finder menu bar to see shortcuts for opening many commonly used folders, such as Applications, Documents, Downloads, Utilities, and iCloud Drive.

Document shortcuts

The behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you're using.

Command-B: Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
Command-I: Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
Command-K: Add a web link.
Command-U: Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.
Command-T: Show or hide the Fonts window.
Command-D: Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.
Control-Command-D: Show or hide the definition of the selected word.
Shift-Command-Colon (:): Display the Spelling and Grammar window.
Command-Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in the document.
Option-Delete: Delete the word to the left of the insertion point.
Control-H: Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete.
Control-D: Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete.
Fn-Delete: Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete key. Or use Control-D.
Control-K: Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.
Fn–Up Arrow: Page Up: Scroll up one page.
Fn–Down Arrow: Page Down: Scroll down one page.
Fn–Left Arrow: Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document.
Fn–Right Arrow: End: Scroll to the end of a document.
Command–Up Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document.
Command–Down Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
Command–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
Command–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the current line.
Option–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
Option–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the next word.
Shift–Command–Up Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document.
Shift–Command–Down Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document.
Shift–Command–Left Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
Shift–Command–Right Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.
Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.
Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below.
Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the left.
Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the right.
Option–Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again.
Control-A: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Control-E: Move to the end of a line or paragraph.
Control-F: Move one character forward.
Control-B: Move one character backward.
Control-L: Center the cursor or selection in the visible area.
Control-P: Move up one line.
Control-N: Move down one line.
Control-O: Insert a new line after the insertion point.
Control-T: Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point.
Command–Left Curly Bracket ({): Left align.
Command–Right Curly Bracket (}): Right align.
Shift–Command–Vertical bar ( ): Center align.
Option-Command-F: Go to the search field.
Option-Command-T: Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
Option-Command-C: Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
Option-Command-V: Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.
Option-Shift-Command-V: Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.
Option-Command-I: Show or hide the inspector window.
Shift-Command-P: Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.
Shift-Command-S: Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
Shift–Command–Minus sign (-): Decrease the size of the selected item.
Shift–Command–Plus sign (+): Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function.
Shift–Command–Question mark (?): Open the Help menu.

Other shortcuts

For more shortcuts, check the shortcut abbreviations shown in the menus of your apps. Every app can have its own shortcuts, and shortcuts that work in one app might not work in another.

Apple Music shortcuts: Choose Help > Keyboard shortcuts from the menu bar in the Music app.
Other shortcuts: Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Shortcuts.

Learn more

Create your own shortcuts and resolve conflicts between shortcuts
Change the behavior of the function keys or modifier keys

Due to certain recent developments, It’s become clear to us that it’s necessary to update and improve our OSX VM guide. A lot’s changed since we wrote it, and rolling in those changes will make the process much more user friendly and accessible to newer VFIO users.

So here’s part 1 of our attempt at making this process easier and more straightforward.

This site is ad-free and always will be. Consider supporting us on Patreon if you like our work and want to see more from us.

Prerequisites for a basic OSX VM

A CPU supporting SSE 4.2 (most modern ones do)
64gb+ free space for VM image
working basic knowledge of linux

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Prerequisites For 3D Acceleration

A Desktop with modern virtualization extensions and functional IOMMU
Spare GPU to pass to the VM
A linux install with a Qemu installation and configured to enable relevant platform features.
If you want Mojave or future versions of OS X, you must have a 700 series nvidia GPU or an AMD gpu without the reset bug. (Generally 280X and older as long as they have a UEFI VBIOS)

Disclaimers and Warnings

The vast majority of laptops won’t work, and using an eGPU to make them work is not covered in this guide.
Using software acceleration and not doing passthrough will degrade performance to some degree
No hackintosh project is update safe, and you will likely need to upgrade clover at points to maintain functionality.
We do not condone software piracy. We don’t offer support for those who obtain commercial software through illegitimate methods.
Pay attention to Apple ID related steps if you plan on logging in with a pre-existing account. Like any other hackintosh, you risk a temporary ban from apple if you don’t take proper measures.

Basic Setup

First, install a few prerequisite packages. You’re going to need qemu, python, pip, click, request, git, and all the relevant dependencies. So run:

then install click and request:

From here, you’re gonna need to use git to get the macOS-Simple-KVM repo from github:

Make sure to do this in a working directory where you want the VM files to live. The jumpstart script defaults to 10.15 Catalina. If you would rather install mojave, or high sierra, just run it with the corresponding argument, e.g. ./jumpstart --high-sierra, --mojave, or --catalina

The jumpstart script should make the recovery media for your VM to install from. After it finishes, simply create a qcow2 image by running

and adding these 2 lines to the end of the included basic.sh script

where MyDisk is the name of your image.

You may also want to change the mac address listed in line 23 (-device e1000-82545em ...) of ./basic.sh at this point to avoid Apple ID issues, as the provided one is not unique. a new mac address can be generated easily by running openssl rand -hex 6 sed 's/(..)/1:/g; s/:$//' and pasting the output into the mac= argument. You can also just generate a new mac address in the virt-manager GUI at a later stage (don’t log in in the meantime.)

From here you can boot your new VM by running ./basic.sh.

Basic Installation

Your vm should, after a short while, boot into clover, and then an OS X recovery partition. From here, click “Disk Utility” and format the image you created using the “Erase” button. Be sure not to format the recovery disk or the small partition labeled ESP.

After that, exit disk utility and click “reinstall OS X.” Follow the prompts and grab a coffee. This bit can take a while.

Hopefully by now, you have a basic working OS X VM.

From here, there are a few common tweaks you may want to do to improve performance and useability:

Change VM Resolution

Once you’re in the VM, you can change its resolution by editing config.plist in the clover ESP.

Start by copying ESP.qcow2 and renaming the copy something like ESP.qcow2.bak. Do the same for the firmware folder.

From there, boot into the VM, open a terminal and run sudo diskutil list. The 256MB disk is the one you want. Mount its first partition by running sudo diskutil mount diskXsY (where X and Y are the disk and partition numbers)

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Open finder, navigate to “EFI” in the left bar under volumes, navigate to the clover folder, and open config.plist. There should be a section of this file that looks like this

Change this value to your desired resolution, e.g. 1920×1080. Note that some odd/intermediate resolutions like 1366×768 may not work well. Try to stick to more common 16:9, 16:10 and 4:3 form factors.

Increasing CPU/Memory

This process can increase overall performance if you have more than the default resources available to you. For memory, simply change the -m 2G line in basic.sh to a higher value. For CPUs, replace -smp 4,cores=2 with -smp cpus=X,cores=X,threads=1,sockets=1 where X is the number of threads you want to pass through. If you want to pass more than 8 threads, add to the number of sockets for every 8 cores as well. When and if you switch your configuration to virt-manager, DO NOT change the thread topology or model settings via the GUI. This can cause issues with clover and the boot process. If you do need more cores, just virsh edit and follow the same rules as above and do not change the cpu model type.

Switching to Virt-Manager

This will give you a GUI to launch and manage your VM with, making other adjustments and customizations easier. You’ll also need this for part 2 of the guide. Just install virt-manager and you can get started.

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First things first: back up your ESP image and firmware folder as described in the resolution change section. Boot your VM, and press escape at the first UEFI dialog. Type exit, hit enter. This should bring you to the OVMF configuration menu. Navigate to Device Configuration > OVMF Platform Features, and set the resolution to the same value as your VM resolution. If you did not change your VM resolution, set it to 1280×720. Hit f10, Y, then press escape until you’re in the main dialog. hit continue and boot into the VM. Shut it down fully, then Boot again to make sure the change didn’t cause any issues.

Next, enable libvirt by running systemctl enable libvirtd.service virtlogd.service and systemctl start libvirtd.service and virtlogd.service. Open virt-manager and make sure you see Qemu/KVM in the connections window. Double click the connection and check the value for Virsh URI. If it’s qemu:///system then run every virsh command mentioned here with sudo.

Download the generic XML we provide here. Find and replace all instances of YOURPATH with the absolute path that corresponds to your VM’s firmware and image files. After you’ve edited the xml, run virsh define OSX.xml (use sudo if your URI is qemu:///system instead of qemu:///session) in the same working directory you saved your XML to.

Restart Libvirt by running systemctl restart libvirtd.service virtlogd.service and open up virt-manager. You should have a VM named OSX under the Qemu Connection in the main window.

If you’ve already extensively customized your qemu script, you can run ./make.sh --add. This script is included in the repo. Edit the XML before defining, using uuidgen to create a new UUID to avoid issues with apple ID. The xml we provide will do so automatically.

If you get network startup errors, simply remove the NIC device in virt-manager and re-add it, manually specifying the device type to e1000-82545em. This should also generate a new MAC address. On Arch, you may get an error like:

To fix this, install ebtables and dnsmasq and try again.

Some distros (e.g. manjaro) come with badly configured or incompatible firewalls too. If you get an error saying NAT failed to connect or that the default virsh network is inactive, and running virsh net-start defaultdoesn’t resolve the issue, you should try manually setting FirewallBackend= in /etc/firewalld/firewalld.conf to iptables

If you get Permissions errors related to your qcow images on boot, simply remove the affected qcow images and re-add them as sata devices. Virt-manager will ask if you want it to fix the permissions. Click yes.

If you get an error on startup similar to Error starting domain: path /dev/dri/bypath/pci-0000:00:02-0-render is not accessible. No such file or directory and you created your XML with ./make.sh --add, then it may have erroneously assigned a device to your qxl graphics. Simply edit your XML with virsh edit and remove the entire line containing that entry.

Troubleshooting

Qemu refuses to start after running basic.sh:

Check to make sure you have all dependencies installed. You have to manually install packages like virglrenderer and spice on some distributions. If your error includes unknown attribute type for SMBIOS, then your version of Qemu isn’t recent enough to support this project. You can try updating it by compiling a more recent version yourself or installing it through a 3rd party repo. The oldest version to support this feature is 2.8.

The Installer doesn’t have any listed hard drives:

Make sure you generated your qcow image, added it to basic.shand formatted it to hfs+ in Disk Utility before starting the installer.

Installer fails with “Failed to Contact Validation Server”

Check your internet connection and firewall settings and try again. If it still doesn’t work, make sure your system time is correct.

UI is tiny:

You can change your VM resolution to a better supported one in the ESP, like 1920×1080, or use a tool like Enable-HiDPI-OSX to regain scaling functionality.

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Part 2 of this guide covers GPU and Device Passthrough, CPU and IO optimizations, as well as other ways to improve your virtualized OSX experience. Special thanks to Foxlet for providing most of the groundwork for this new guide.

Consider Supporting us on Patreon if you like our work, and if you need help or have questions about any of our articles, you can find us on our Discord. We provide RSS feeds as well as regular updates on Twitter if you want to be the first to know about the next part in this series or other projects we’re working on.